What exactly is meant by sight singing?Date: April 9, 2012 Views: 2721
Many years (decades) ago I did voice training with a teacher who also taught me music theory. One of the things that he taught me was what I thought was sight singing. This consisted of being able to look at a note on a page, hear it in my head and then reproduce the note. For example, I see a C# and then I sing a C sharp.
About six or so months ago, I auditioned for a choir. Part of the audition involved sight singing. As I hadn't done this in years, I spent a lot of time practicing before the audition, using resources available on the internet - to the point where I overpracticed and ended up hurting my voice for the audition (but I was told that I had a very good voice at the audition, anyway).
I failed miserably at the sight singing part. The thing is, I was focusing on getting the accurate pitch for each note so wasn't paying that much attention to things like rhythm and the length of the notes, because I thought that was obvious anyway - that I was being tested on how accurate my pitch was.
Lately, I have been reading that sight singing just means being able to read the notes, understand the rhythms and know the intervals between one note and the next (which would involve knowing sharps and flats and when there are half steps and whole steps).
Would it have been better to sing a whole piece all the way through at the correct rhythm and with basically the correct tune, and not worry about starting off key as opposed to concentrating on getting every pitch perfectly?
I had auditioned as a soloist before but I had never between tested for sight singing before.
I realise that no matter what, I would need to work on my sight singing skills more, but I wonder if I made myself seem less skilled than I already am.
Replies (7): Threaded | Chronological
David Monks on April 9, 2012 7:18am
Hello Marcia,
It sounds to me like you are talking about absolute pitch, sometimes called perfect pitch. This generally means looking at the printed note and being able to produce its pitch straight from your own head. I cannot imagine that any choir would require that of its prospective members. In fact, I don't regard it as a gift - more like a hinderance, expecially if, for any reason, a piece has to be sung in a higher or lower key than that in which it is written. That would mean ongoing transposition in your head from note to note. Quite a chore!
Any choir of which I have experience would require that you be able to sing in tune given notes or pitches, as well as some brief phrases designed to test aural capacity. On top of this, your should be able to sing a short piece of printed music, in a given key. Usually the tonic chord of that key is sounded on an intrument to help you establish tonality. Just sing in tune in the given tonality. Worrying about each note and its absolute pitch is a bit self-defeating. In fact such a concern must have a bearing on how you actually sing a line. If you can show that you sing a line in tune, then I would then place an ability to observe tempo and change of tempo, rhythm, a sense of line/phrasing, observing dynamic markings next high up on my list of things desirable in a chorister. At the same level I would put quality of voice/timbre and a capacity to blend the voice with others.
Here again, absolute pitch is not required. In the event that a choir (heaven forbid! LOL) should sharpen or flatten, absolute pitch is a curse. One voice singing true while the rest have risen or dropped is a choirmaster's nightmare. Far more important for all choirsters is to take a tonality and stay in tune within it., and if the unthinkable happens, that all voices move together up or down in pitch.
I hope you find this helpful, and that you have good news about your audition.
on April 9, 2012 7:52am
Yes it would have been better, since relative pitch matters much more than perfect pitch (which can be a very mixed blessing - my choir was singing the Schnittke Choir Concerto last winter and whenever we went out of pitch in the pretty hard parts the couple of people with perfect pitch in the choir had to stop singing since they weren't able to transpose the difficult music). Sight singing is all about the flow of the music and the rhythms and markings are no less important than the pitch. When testing sight singing I would always give either the starting note or else the key, and then expect to hear the melody.
Yes you definitely made yourself sound less skilled, since you misunderstood what was being tested. Just better luck next time :)
Best
Hildigunnur
on April 9, 2012 9:13am
Hi, Marcia. Yes, you may have done. And I'm certainly not acquainted with the meaning that your former teacher apparently gave you. But part of the problem may be simple semantics. "Sight singing" and "sight reading" are generally considered to be interchangeable terms (except for the obvious difference that the latter term applies equally well to instrumentalists!). And what they both refer to is the ability to read music, at sight (i.e. without any specific preparation or practice on the music), with accuracy to everything that is represented on the page.
And when choir directors test for sing singing (or sightreading) they do so to determine how accurately you can read music in rehearsal, and how much drill you will require in order to memorize it in the absence of sightreading skills. It is a skill that is especially necessary and valued when singers or players are hired for recording sessions, for which rehearsal in advance is often impossible and for which the music must be read accurately and sung accurately the very first time you see it.
Now that clearly includes getting the pitches (and intervals) correct, but it goes well beyond that to include everything on the page, and THEN adds in an understanding of the style that's involved and the ability to apply that style to the music!
But what you describe sounds MUCH more like a teacher trying to develop perfect pitch (also called absolute pitch) in a student, or it's poor cousin relative pitch, in order to sing the written pitches accurately without reference to a piano. And while there are some people who believe that can be learned, there are numerous studies that SEEM to suggest that it's an ability you're either born with or you're not. My wife's junior high school chorus teacher had the students hum an "A" at the beginning of each rehearsal, and at the beginning of the year the pitches were all over the place, but by the end of the year they could do it very accurately, but that was probably through muscle memory rather than any kind of neurological perfect pitch.
When I directed a college singers show for Disney, every kid in my cast had passed a "sight singing" test during their audition, but half of them could not read music and one could not sing anything but the melody!!! So having someone sing a melody is NOT the best test of sightreading ability! When I ran the vocal auditions the following year I worked out a test that more closely represented what they would have to do in rehearsals, learning a short harmony part, retaining it, and singing it with other voices, and it worked so well I continued to use it for my college ensemble for years afterward! And I didn't care whether they learned their part by reading, by ear, or by prayer and fasting!!!
All the best,
John
on April 9, 2012 11:20am
John, did you then give the applicants their harmony parts ahead of time (to practise the reading, ear or praying and fasting) and then how long a time before? I take care with my aural classes to have them sight-read two parts at least (use the Kodály 15, 66 and 77 Exercises which also address the modal scales).
on April 9, 2012 12:45pm
Hildigunnur: No, my goal was to make it as much like a rehearsal as possible, so there was no practice in advance. (That would negate the whole idea of sightreading!) I taught them a harmony part from the 6-voice backup singers harmonies from a specific arrangement (their own part in their own range, of course). Then I asked them to sing that part along with the recording of the piece, which included the lead singer and accompaniment as well as all the harmony parts. There was, as it happened, one small trap in each of the voice parts that gave me a good read on how quick a study they were.
On the Disney audition tour, where I first used this approach, we took them in batches. The choreographer taught them the dance combination, I taught them the harmony parts, we sent them off to practice at THAT point, and they came back individually to sing their prepared song, sing their harmony part with the recording, and do their dance combination to a different recording.
So technically I was NOT judging sight reading, I was judging quick learning, and since I wanted to know how they would function in rehearsals that's EXACTLY what I needed to know. But for someone who in fact COULD sightread well, the test was laughably simple. And it should come as no surprise that those who did best were those with choral experience, and those who did worst were those with mostly musical theater experience.
Now before the season began I did send out, with the letters of acceptance, at least some of the music we'd be learning, along with a chart showing which part to learn when their line divided into 2, 3, or 4 parts. But I did find that a lot of experienced singers who claimed (defensively) that they "could not read music" could read it just fine, but just didn't have the confidence to do it by themselves.
All the best,
John
on April 9, 2012 6:04pm
Yes absolutely - I just wondered since you talked about various ways of learning, not just straight from the page. Here we normally get about a minute to prepare and it's just the melody without any accompaniment or other help. As you say, it's not really sight-singing but when you can rely on people looking at their parts before rehearsal, as proper professionals do, sight reading is a lesser issue than most of us deal with every day :)
on April 10, 2012 5:31am
Pitch matching and memory is a huge basic in Kodaly with
small children, but it was not regarded as a "sight singing" skill,
at least not in my Kodaly training. Rhythm and interval training
would be the two major skills needed for an accurate sight singer.
Development of well tuned relative pitch is certainly a highly
desirable skill for singers though!
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